Chapter+9-+Global+Stratification

=Chapter 9: Global Stratification=



Relative Poverty- people lack resources that are taken for granted by others Dependency Theory- a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones. Absolute Poverty- lack of resources that is life threatening Neocolonialism- a new form of global power relationships that involves not direct political control but economic explotation by multinational corporations.
 * Olive is asked for sex by one individual and he gives her a coupon because he says that is all he can afford.
 * Olive's brother is adopted from Africa which is a low income country that depends on the rich countries such as the United States to help them.
 * Olive's brother is from Africa, in which that country and the people in it lack proper nutrition and resources.
 * Africa, where Olive's brother was adopted from, had their economies controlled by the Europeans.

Middle -income countries- nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole. Colonialism- the process by which some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of ther nations Low-income countries- nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor Core- the world's high-income countries, which are home to multinational corporations
 * The guy that gives olive the coupon is Indian and India is a middle-income country.
 * Olive lives in the United States which was started by the pilgrims who took control of the Native Americans.
 * If Olive's brother was adopted from Africa there is a good chance that is home country is a low-income country.
 * The United States, where Olive lives, is an example of a core because there is many multinaitonal corporations and the standard of living is high.

This photo shows Olive's brother who is from Africa, a low income country with few available resources.

**high income countries:** the nations with the highest overall standards of living (ex. US)
 * This movie takes place in the United States and illustrates the standards of living in this country. The US has a high standard of living, which is shown by the high incomes that individuals earn and the importance of technology in our culture. For example, since Olive’s parents earn a large income, she can afford to buy a new wardrobe.

**modernization theory:** a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations
 * Throughout the movie, technology is used in everyday life. For example, Olive narrates the movie through a web cam. Also, most of the characters in the movie have a cell phone that they use to text and call each other. In contrast, in undeveloped African countries cell phones and computers are rare.

**multinational corporation:** a large business that operates in many countries **global stratification:**patterns of social inequality in the world as a whole
 * In this movie, Rhiannon drives a yellow Volkswagen Beetle. Although Volkswagen is a German car company, it has car companies in many countries.
 * Socially, Marianne is considered better off than Brandon. Marianne is popular and rich, while Brandon is bullied and unpopular. Although both characters come from wealthy families, Brandon is viewed as worse off because he has a lower social status than Marianne.